Picture this: It’s a sunny afternoon, and you’re in your backyard, air rifle in hand, aiming at a target. You pull the trigger, and a loud ‘pop’ reverberates. You smile, pleased with your shot—but have you ever stopped to consider the impact of that noise? Beyond your fence, your neighbours might not share your enthusiasm. In fact, that seemingly innocent ‘pop’ could be a source of noise pollution, a potential nuisance, and even a legal grey area in the UK. Welcome to the lesser-known but equally important debate on backyard air rifle shooting: the sound of discontent.
The Allure of Backyard Shooting
Convenience
One of the most significant advantages of backyard shooting is its convenience. There’s no need to travel to a shooting range, pay fees, or adhere to specific operating hours. Your backyard becomes your personal shooting range, available whenever you have free time.
Privacy
Shooting in your backyard offers privacy that public ranges can’t match. Whether you’re a beginner looking to practice without an audience or an experienced shooter focusing on specific skills, the solitude can be beneficial.
Cost-Effectiveness
Over time, range fees, travel, and other associated expenses can add up. Backyard shooting eliminates many of these costs, making regular practice a more economical option.
Family Involvement
Backyard shooting can be family-friendly, allowing parents to introduce their children to the basics of gun safety and shooting in a controlled, familiar environment.
Skill Development
Having immediate access to a shooting area means more practice opportunities, which can lead to improved skills. Whether working on your aim, experimenting with different stances, or trying out various types of ammunition, the backyard provides a flexible space for honing your abilities.
Stress Relief
Many people find the focused nature of shooting to be a great stress reliever. Concentrating on a target and successfully hitting it can provide a sense of accomplishment and a temporary escape from life’s challenges.
Hobby and Sport
For many, shooting is more than just a skill—it’s a hobby or sport. Backyard shooting allows enthusiasts to engage in their passion without the complications of organising a trip to a range of other shooting locations.
Types Of Noise When a Air Rifle is Discharged
- Mechanical noise: This is the noise made by the air rifle’s mechanism as it fires the pellet. It is caused by the compression of air, the release of air, and the movement of the piston or hammer. This noise is typically the loudest noise made by an air rifle.
- Shot noise: This is the noise made by the pellet as it breaks the sound barrier. This noise is only audible if the pellet is traveling at a high velocity, such as when it is fired from a high-powered air rifle.
- Impact noise: This is the noise made when the pellet hits its target. This noise is typically the quietest noise made by an air rifle.
No studies have really been done on the levels of noise pollution in relation to the law. However, studies have been done around the risk of auditory hazards and air rifle shooting. Below we have sampled some extracted data to show the decibel muzzle measurements when an air rifle is discharged. If you miss your target then the impact noise will depend on the type of backstop you have.
Noise Levels of The Average Air Rifle
The BSA R10 when fired straight out of the box is 98.6dB, with a silencer it was reduced to 82,5 dB. Is that an acceptable amount of noise for your neighbour to bear? Firstly it depends on your neighbour, the time of day and the frequency. (data source for decibel levels from Pyramyd Air (Ref 1)
Decibels and Auditory Risks
The study measured the mean peak sound pressure levels for various air rifles using different ammunition loads (Alloy and Lead). The measurements were taken at the muzzle and near the left and right ears of the shooter. Here are some key findings:
Make and Model of Air Rifles with Muzzle dB
- Benjamin Trial NP XL:
- Alloy: 136.7 dB
- Lead: 139.9 dB
- RWS Diana 48:
- Alloy: 142.9 dB
- Lead: 142.2 dB
- Gamo CFX:
- Alloy: 140.3 dB
- Lead: 141.9 dB
- Gamo Hunter 220:
- Alloy: 140.6 dB
- Lead: 135.5 dB
- Gamo Shadow:
- Alloy: 139.7 dB
- Lead: 136.9 dB
- Gamo Varmint Hunter HP:
- Alloy: 143.7 dB
- Lead: 141.4 dB
- Gamo Whisper Fusion:
- Alloy: 132.2 dB
- Lead: 126.9 dB
- Gamo Whisper:
- Alloy: 124.6 dB
- Lead: 119.4 dB
- RWS Diana 34B:
- Alloy: 138.2 dB
- Lead: 139.2 dB
- Daisy Red Ryder (BB): 121.4 dB
Summary of the Study
The study found that the average muzzle dB for Alloy ammunition was 137.9 dB, while for Lead, it was 135.8 dB. This suggests that Alloy ammunition tends to be slightly louder than Lead.
The highest recorded muzzle dB was 143.7 dB (Gamo Varmint Hunter HP with Alloy), and the lowest was 119.4 dB (Gamo Whisper with Lead).
These levels exceed the World Health Organisations recommended limit of 120 dB peak SPL for children and come close to or exceed the 140 dB SPL limit for adults, indicating a potential auditory hazard.
(Ref 2)
dB Levels (Source YouTube)
- Kral NP-03 – 119dB (Moderated – 110dB)
- Air Venture Avenger – 116dB
(Ref 3)
There are quieter air rifles out there and we will be reviewing them at a later date.
Comparative Noise Levels
To better understand the noise levels produced by air rifles, let’s compare them to some other common sounds:
- Whisper: 30 dB
- Normal Conversation: 60 dB
- Traffic Noise: 70 dB
- Lawnmower: 85-90 dB
- Rock Concert: 110-120 dB
- Fireworks: 140-160 dB
- Jet Engine at Takeoff (close distance): 130-140 dB
- Shotgun Blast: 165 dB
As you can see, the noise levels produced by air rifles, especially with Alloy ammunition, are closer to the sound of a rock concert and can even approach the noise level of a jet engine at takeoff. This highlights the potential auditory risks involved in using air rifles without proper hearing protection.
So at the average decibel shot from an air rifle (from the sample data) it’s possible that you may be breaking the law. Lets look at the implications regarding the law.
Legal Implications in the UK (Focused on Backyard Air Rifle Use)
Statutory Nuisance and Abatement Notice
- Statutory Nuisance: For noise to be considered a statutory nuisance under the Environmental Protection Act 1990, it must either unreasonably interfere with the use or enjoyment of a home or other premises, or be likely to injure health.
- Abatement Notice: If a council determines that a statutory nuisance is occurring due to the noise from your air rifle, they can serve an abatement notice requiring you to stop or restrict the noise.
Permitted Noise Levels
- Permitted Levels: The permitted noise level is 34 dBA if the underlying level of noise is no more than 24 dBA. If the underlying level is more than 24 dBA, the permitted noise level is 10 dBA above that.
Noise at Night
- Night-Time Restrictions: Councils can issue warning notices for noise above permitted levels from 11 pm to 7 am. Failure to comply can result in fines.
Penalties
- Fines: Failure to comply with a warning notice can result in a fine of up to £110 for dwellings. Further prosecution can lead to a fine of up to £1,000.
Permitted Noise Levels Explained
While the UK guidelines set permitted noise levels at 34 dBA if the underlying noise is no more than 24 dBA, these levels may seem surprisingly low. Here’s what they mean:
- 34 dBA: This is the permitted noise level if the existing or “underlying” noise level is no more than 24 dBA. In context, 24 dBA is quieter than a whisper, and 34 dBA is about as loud as a soft library whisper.
- 10 dBA Above Underlying Level: If the existing noise level is above 24 dBA, then the permitted noise level is 10 dBA above that. For instance, if the existing noise level is 30 dBA (akin to a quiet rural area), then the permitted noise level would be 40 dBA.
It’s crucial to note that these permitted levels are generally designed for continuous or frequent noise, like traffic or machinery, rather than for short, impulsive noises like an air rifle shot. However, they do provide a framework for what could be considered “reasonable” in terms of noise levels in a residential setting.
Given that some air rifles can produce noise levels far exceeding these permitted levels, it’s essential to be aware of the potential for being served an abatement notice for causing a statutory nuisance, especially if you’re shooting in a residential area.
(Ref 4)
Local Authorities & Noise Pollution
The Environmental Protection Act 1990 provides a general framework for how noise nuisances should be handled, different local authorities in the UK may have their own specific guidelines and procedures for dealing with noise complaints. Here are some insights:
- GOV.UK: Councils must look into complaints about noise that could be a ‘statutory nuisance’ as covered by the Environmental Protection Act 1990. (Ref 5)
- Hinckley & Bosworth Borough Council: This council provides information on understanding noise nuisance, indicating that noise affects people differently. (Ref 6)
- Boston Borough Council: The council mentions that statutory nuisance provisions do not cover some sources of noise, implying that local authorities may have limitations on what they can act upon.(Ref 7)
PRO TIP: Ensure you research the laws surrounding noise pollution in your particular local authority.
Steps to Reducing The Noise Pollution
Reducing the noise your air rifle generates isn’t just about the gun itself; it’s also about how and where the pellet impacts. Here are some strategies to minimise impact noise, making your shooting activities more neighbor-friendly.
Air Rifle Modifications
Most modern-day air rifles can fit a moderator (a silencer or suppressor). While this may not drastically reduce noise, every decibel counts. A typical moderator can lower noise levels by around 10%.
Indoor Shooting
Another effective way to reduce noise is to shoot from within your home. Many enthusiasts open their back kitchen door and lie on the floor for target shooting. This significantly reduces both mechanical and shot noise.
Target Material
Consider switching to softer materials if you’re using metal targets or tin cans. Paper targets are a quieter alternative, especially when paired with a suitable backstop like old carpeting.
Backstop Modifications
If you’re using metal target holders, consider glueing rubber to the back to dampen the sound of the pellet impact. This simple modification can make a noticeable difference in reducing that ‘ping’ noise. We have created a dedicated post on backstops for air gun shooting.
Our Conclusion
Backyard air rifle shooting offers numerous benefits, from convenience and cost-effectiveness to skill development and stress relief. However, the noise generated by this activity can have significant legal and ethical implications. With noise levels often exceeding recommended limits, enthusiasts must know about the potential auditory risks and the impact on neighbours.
Understanding the legal landscape is equally important. The UK has specific guidelines on noise pollution, and ignoring them can lead to fines, legal action, and strained community relations. Moreover, local authorities may have their own rules and procedures, making it essential to be well-informed.
So, what’s the takeaway? If you’re an air rifle enthusiast, enjoy your hobby responsibly. Consider using moderators to reduce noise levels, opt for quieter targets, and, most importantly, engage in open dialogue with your neighbours and local authorities. After all, a little consideration goes a long way in fostering a harmonious community.
Our Best Advice
From experience we suggest before you start backyard plinking that you talk to your neighbours about your intentions. Explain the steps you will take to keep the noise to a minimum and ask if there are any times that would be inconvenient. Our members always find that if you engage in dialogue first you are very unlikely to get a visit from the local authorities about noise pollution. The final advice is always stay within the UK gun law.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
Q: How loud can air rifles be?
- A: Air rifles can produce noise levels ranging from 119.4 dB to 143.7 dB, depending on the make, model, and type of ammunition used.
Q: Are there legal limits on noise levels for air rifles in the UK?
- A: While there are general guidelines on permissible noise levels, these are not specifically designed for impulsive noises like air rifle shots. However, exceeding these levels can lead to legal consequences.
Q: What are the penalties for excessive noise?
- A: Penalties can include fines up to £1,000, legal action, and even equipment seizure.
Q: How can I reduce the noise from my air rifle?
- A: Using a moderator, shooting indoors, and choosing softer targets can help reduce noise levels.
Q: Do different local authorities have different rules?
- A: Yes, different local authorities in the UK may have specific guidelines and procedures for dealing with noise complaints.
Q: Is shooting an air rifle in my backyard illegal?
- A: It’s not inherently illegal, but you must adhere to noise regulations and local laws to avoid potential legal issues.
Garden Plinking Top Tips Image
References
- Ref 1
- Ref 2 + source:https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Youth-target-shooting-with-air-guns-and-eye-protection_fig1_292978164
- Ref 3
- Ref 4
- Ref 5
- Ref. 6
- Ref 7